Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Central vision preservation with modern anti-VEGF therapy.
AMD is the leading cause of central vision loss above 60. Wet AMD responds dramatically to timely intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy.
Dry vs wet AMD
Dry AMD is slowly progressive and managed with AREDS-2 supplements, smoking cessation and monitoring. Wet AMD — where abnormal blood vessels leak under the macula — needs urgent anti-VEGF treatment to halt vision loss.
Dry AMD vs Wet AMD - what's the difference?
Dry AMD (~85% of cases) is a slow, gradual thinning of the macula with build-up of drusen - small yellow deposits - under the retina. Vision typically declines over years. Wet AMD (~15% of cases) is more aggressive - abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing sudden distortion of straight lines and loss of central vision. Wet AMD requires prompt ophthalmology evaluation — delaying treatment can significantly increase the risk of permanent central vision loss, so any sudden central blur or distortion in older adults should be reviewed the same week.
Warning signs - when to seek immediate help
Sudden distortion of straight lines (door frames, tiles, text). A dark or blurred spot in the centre of your vision. Difficulty reading or recognising faces. Colours appearing dull. If you are above 55 and notice ANY of these, please book a same-week retina evaluation with OCT - do not wait.
Modern treatment for wet AMD
Intra-vitreal anti-VEGF injections are the standard of care. Loading phase: three injections at monthly intervals. Maintenance: treat-and-extend or PRN protocol, OCT-guided. With modern longer-acting molecules (Faricimab, Aflibercept 8mg), many patients extend to every 3-4 months and some stop entirely once the macula is dry and stable for 6+ months.
Dry AMD - supplements, monitoring and lifestyle
The AREDS-2 formulation (Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Zinc, Copper) reduces progression to advanced AMD by ~25%. We recommend it for intermediate and advanced dry AMD. Monthly self-monitoring with an Amsler grid (we provide a printed one at consultation) helps detect conversion to wet AMD early. Stop smoking - it is the single biggest modifiable risk factor.
Cost and insurance
Anti-VEGF injections are covered by most major insurers and PM-JAY within applicable limits. Diagnostic OCT and OCT-A are covered as day-care procedures. AREDS-2 supplements are inexpensive and available over-the-counter.
Frequently Asked
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